2026年3月18日事故¶
运行环境¶
- 零刻 SEi12 12450H
- CPU: i5-12450H
- 系统: Proxmox Virtual Environment 8.4.17
- Windows 虚拟机: Windows 11 专业版 24H2
主要问题¶
- Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁编译失败:
- 对应内核版本 v6.8: strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms at 2025.07.22
- 存在修改的文件:
/etc/default/grub/etc/sysfs.conf
故障流程回顾¶
Building module:
Cleaning build area...
export LEX=flex; export YACC=bison; cp defconfigs/i915_only .config; 'make' -j12 KLIB=/lib/modules/6.8.12-20-pve olddefconfig; 'make' -j12 KLIB=/lib/modules/6.8.12-20-pve BUILD_CONFIG=nodrm.....(bad exit status: 2)
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.12-20-pve (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/intel-i915-dkms/1.24.1.19.240119.1.nodrm/build/make.log for more information.
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.8.12-20-pve failed!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed.postinst line 20.
dpkg: error processing package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed (--configure):
installed proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2
Setting up lshw (02.19.git.2021.06.19.996aaad9c7-2+b1) ...
Setting up usb.ids (2025.07.26-0+deb12u1) ...
Setting up proxmox-headers-6.8.12-20-pve (6.8.12-20) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of proxmox-kernel-6.8:
proxmox-kernel-6.8 depends on proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed | proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve; however:
Package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed is not configured yet.
Package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve is not installed.
Package proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed which provides proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package proxmox-kernel-6.8 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up proxmox-headers-6.8 (6.8.12-20) ...
Setting up proxmox-default-headers (1.1.0) ...
Setting up pve-headers (8.4.0) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.11.2-2) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed
proxmox-kernel-6.8
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
此时输出提示 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁为内核 6.8.12-20-pve 构建失败。
接下来尝试根据项目 README 的指引重新安装 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁。
Selecting previously unselected package i915-sriov-dkms.
(Reading database ... 146949 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ...
Setting up i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ...
install dkms modules for all kernels
Loading new i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 DKMS files...
Building for 6.1.10-1-pve, 6.8.8-2-pve, 6.8.12-19-pve and 6.8.12-20-pve
Building initial module for 6.1.10-1-pve
Error! The /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/6.1.10-1-pve/x86_64/dkms.conf for module i915-sriov-dkms includes a BUILD_EXCLUSIVE directive which does not match this kernel/arch/config.
This indicates that it should not be built.
Skipped.
Building initial module for 6.8.8-2-pve
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log for more information.
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142+deb12u3) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.12-20-pve
Running hook script 'zz-proxmox-boot'..
Re-executing '/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot' in new private mount namespace..
No /etc/kernel/proxmox-boot-uuids found, skipping ESP sync.
此时输出提示 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁为内核 6.8.8-2-pve 构建失败。注意，此时运行中的内核是 6.8.8-2-pve，事情不太妙。
接下来，试图仅为正在运行中的内核构建 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁。
Sign command: /lib/modules/6.8.8-2-pve/build/scripts/sign-file
Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
Building module:
Cleaning build area...
make -j12 KERNELRELEASE=6.8.8-2-pve -C /lib/modules/6.8.8-2-pve/build M=/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build...(bad exit status: 2)
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log for more information.
/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log
DKMS make.log for i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 for kernel 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
Wed Mar 18 01:01:42 PM CST 2026
make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve'
warning: the compiler differs from the one used to build the kernel
The kernel was built by: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0
You are using: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14+deb12u1) 12.2.0
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9/drm_dp_tunnel.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.10.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.11.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.12.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_config.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_driver.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_getparam.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_ioctl.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_irq.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_module.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_params.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_pci.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_scatterlist.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_suspend.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_switcheroo.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_utils.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_clock_gating.o
/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c: In function ‘obj_meminfo’:
/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c:56:13: error: implicit declaration of function ‘drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
56 | if (drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats(&obj->base))
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_device_info.o
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:243: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
make[1]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve/Makefile:1926: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2
make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve'
这下可以确定 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁没法为内核 6.8.8-2-pve 构建。
接下来，试着删除已安装的 i915-sriov-dkms 包和相关构建目录。
dpkg --purge i915-sriov-dkms
dkms remove i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 --all
apt --fix-broken install
dpkg --configure -a
这部分的输出忘记记录，不过好像没什么特别。
接下来，发动俺寻思之力，试着删掉一些无用的内核。
rc proxmox-kernel-6.1.10
...
ii proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve-signed
ii proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-19-pve-signed
ii proxmox-kernel-6.8
ii proxmox-headers-6.8.12-20-pve
ii proxmox-headers-6.8
ii proxmox-kernel-6.8.8-2-pve
...
抱歉，我忘记执行这个命令，这可能是造成卡引导的关键疏忽...
执行完 apt --fix-broken install 后，如果不再出现错误提示，你可以重启服务器，它会自动进入新的内核（6.8.12-20），届时你的系统就彻底恢复了。
Gemini
按照 Gemini 老师的指导，我没多想就点了重启。重启之后服务器就失联了...
采集卡看到的画面是这样的：
这张图片虽然模糊，但从显示的绿色背景和少量文字来看，这很典型的 Kernel Panic (内核恐慌) 或者 Initramfs 挂载根分区失败。
Gemini
只能说 Gemini 牛大了，凭这绿油油一片的东西也能解读出东西...
可惜 KVM 是自部署的，以 CH9329 为后端的 HID 不稳定，电源控制和挂载镜像的功能是一点没有...
修复流程¶
修复方案三步走:
- 尝试进入可用内核，恢复系统运行
- 重新安装 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁，恢复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通
- 如果系统崩溃或者无法修复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通，则重装系统，顺便升级至 Proxmox 9
尝试进入可用内核¶
首先，请~驻场运维为服务器加装可远控的电源开关~老爸到房间给服务器电源加上闲置的米家智能插座。
然后，服务器上电，毫不意外，服务器没法正常启动，看来旧内核 proxmox-kernel-6.8.8-2-pve 大抵是坏掉了。
遂重新上电，GNU GRUB - Advanced options for Proxmox VE GNU/Linux - proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve，正常进入系统，第一步完成。
恢复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通¶
首先，将 /etc/default/grub /etc/sysfs.conf 中有关 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁的配置删除。
Manually selected kernels:
None.
Automatically selected kernels:
6.8.8-2-pve
6.8.12-19-pve
6.8.12-20-pve
Pinned kernel:
6.8.8-2-pve
诶？怎么内核版本被锁在 6.8.8-2-pve。遂解除内核锁定，让系统自动选择最新版本。
重启，然后卡在了 GNU GRUB 的蓝色界面，怀疑是 CH9329 为后端的 HID 崩溃导致的。于是断电，过了一会再上电，系统使用 proxmox-kernel-6.8.12-20-pve 内核正常启动。
尝试根据项目 README 的指引重新安装 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁。
wget -O /tmp/i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb "https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms/releases/download/2025.07.22/i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb"
dpkg -i /tmp/i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package i915-sriov-dkms.
(Reading database ... 146949 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../i915-sriov-dkms_2025.07.22_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ...
Setting up i915-sriov-dkms (2025.07.22) ...
install dkms modules for all kernels
Loading new i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 DKMS files...
Building for 6.1.10-1-pve, 6.8.8-2-pve, 6.8.12-19-pve and 6.8.12-20-pve
Building initial module for 6.1.10-1-pve
Error! The /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/6.1.10-1-pve/x86_64/dkms.conf for module i915-sriov-dkms includes a BUILD_EXCLUSIVE directive which does not match this kernel/arch/config.
This indicates that it should not be built.
Skipped.
Building initial module for 6.8.8-2-pve
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log for more information.
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142+deb12u3) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.8.12-20-pve
Running hook script 'zz-proxmox-boot'..
Re-executing '/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot' in new private mount namespace..
No /etc/kernel/proxmox-boot-uuids found, skipping ESP sync.
输出提示 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁为内核 6.8.8-2-pve 构建失败。等等？怎么还有 6.8.8-2-pve 的事？算了，先做几个检查确认目前情况。
total 8760
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8114737 Mar 13 16:15 i915.ko
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 849561 Mar 13 16:15 kvmgt.ko
/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/make.log
DKMS make.log for i915-sriov-dkms-2025.07.22 for kernel 6.8.8-2-pve (x86_64)
Fri Mar 20 12:15:58 AM CST 2026
make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve'
warning: the compiler differs from the one used to build the kernel
The kernel was built by: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0
You are using: gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14+deb12u1) 12.2.0
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.9/drm_dp_tunnel.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.10.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.11.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/compat/backport-6.12.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_config.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_driver.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_getparam.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_ioctl.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_irq.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_mitigations.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_module.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_params.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_pci.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_scatterlist.o
/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c: In function ‘obj_meminfo’:
/var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.c:56:13: error: implicit declaration of function ‘drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
56 | if (drm_gem_object_is_shared_for_memory_stats(&obj->base))
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_suspend.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_switcheroo.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_utils.o
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_clock_gating.o
make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:243: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_drm_client.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
make[1]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve/Makefile:1926: /var/lib/dkms/i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22/build] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2
make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-6.8.8-2-pve'
上述输出确定 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁包已经被添加到了 DKMS 中，为内核 6.8.8-2-pve 构建失败，为当前运行内核 6.8.12-20-pve 的构建情况未知。
接下来，令 DKMS 仅针对当前运行内核编译。
dkms remove i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 --all
dkms add i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22
dkms install i915-sriov-dkms/2025.07.22 -k $(uname -r)
Intel 核显 SR-IOV 补丁包为当前运行内核 6.8.12-20-pve 安装成功。接下来继续按照项目 README 的指引重新配置 Intel 核显 SR-IOV 功能。
nano /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on i915.enable_guc=3 i915.max_vfs=7 module_blacklist=xe"
最后，重启服务器。启动 Windows 虚拟机，重新安装 Intel 显卡驱动，Jellyfin 视频转码正常，成功恢复 Windows 虚拟机核显直通。
Windows 虚拟机配置显卡直通可参考补丁项目 README 的相关内容，其中提取显卡 EFI 固件的部分不一定需要。